استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر: این کتاب در مورد مطالعات بانک جهانی در مورد میزان فقر در میان روستاییان برزیلی و راه حل های داده شده است .برخی از سر فصل ها و بخش های مورد مطالعه در کتاب به سوی یک استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل بدین شرح است ،،
مشخصات فقر روستایی ( آمار و یافته های جدید و به روز شده ) ، چارچوب استراتژیک پنج جانبه برای کاهش فقر روستایی ، تشدید کشاورزی در مزارع کوچک ، کشاورزی تجاری و پویا ، مهاجرت جوانان ، اصلاحات بازار زمین ،
افزایش تحقیق و توسعه و انتقال فناوری ، اصلاحات بازار مالی امور روستاییان ، تامین کالا های عمومی و ایجاد سرمایه اجتماعی ، برآورد فقر در برزیل ، تاثیرات فقر در زمینه کشاورزی و….. .
هدف از نوشتن وتحقیق دراکتاب به سوی یک استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل طراحی استراتژی یک پارچه برای کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل است که شامل مشخصات روزانه ودقیق فقرا در در شمال شرقی و مناطق جنوب شرقی برزیل است و عوامل کلیدی فقر را در این مناطق شناسایی می کند و در چارچوب استراتژیک و با طرح یک مجموعه آزمایشی سعی در حل کردن مشکل فقر دارد.
برنامه های ارایه شده شامل شش موضوع از قرار ، ( الف ) اداره مزرعه های کشاورزی کوچک ، ( ب ) بازار کار و بازرچه های روستایی ، ( ج ) بازار زمین های روستایی ، ( د ) اشتغال کشاورزی و غیر کشاورزی ، ( پ) بازنشستگی روستایی ، ( ت ) آموزش روستایی ، می باشد.
در این مطالعه این نتیجه حاصل میشود که برای برطرف شدن کامل فقراین بخش نیازمند ، حوادث اقتصادی خرد، آموزش و پرورش ، انتقال در آمد و دسترسی به زمین و افزایش اعتبار بخش روستایی است.
کاهش فقر مستلزم رشد اقتصادی است
کاهش فقر مستلزم رشد اقتصادی است ( در سطح کلان ) و سیاست های خاص ضد فقر ( در سطح خرد ) است . به خصوص در مورد برزیل که کشاورزی در آن نقش مهمی ایفا می کند.
بخش کشاورزی در برزیل نشان دهنده کمتر از ۱۰ درصد از تولید ناخالص داخلی و حدود ۲۳ درصد از اشتغال است. اشتغال در مناطق شهری و گسترش تقاضای داخلی برای محصولات کشاورزی منجر به رشد سریع در کل اقتصاد خواهد شد .
و این موضوع مخصوصا برای کشاورزان کوچک و تولید کنندگان غیر تجاری مفید است و می تواند در کاهش فقر روستایی موثر باشد حتی اگر اقتصاد کشاورزی در سطح کلان خیلی رشد نکند.
موضوعاتی در زمینه کاهش فقر وجود دارد که قابل پوشش نیستند عبارتند از: ( الف ) تاثیر سیاست های تجاری بر کشاورزی ، ( ب ) تاثیر برنامه های کلی دولت به طور متمرکز در مناطق روستایی که فقیر نیستند.( به عنوان مثال ، هزینه های قابل توجهی که توسط وزارت کشاورزی در این مناطق می شود )
چالش بزرگ کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل
در برزیل حدود ۹۰۸ میلیون نفر از مردم ، از لحاظ منابع در آمدی ، کیفیت و کمیت زندگی ، سرمایه گذاری فیزیکی و و مکان زندگی در وضعیت ناهمگنی قرار دارند.ای ن نشان دهنده ی آن است که خروج از فقر باید از زوایای مختلف باشد.
کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل یک چالش بزرگ و قابل توجه است.
تقریبا چهل و سه درصد ( ۴۳% ) از فقرا درمناطق روستایی شمال شرقی و جنوب شرقی برزیل که حدودا ( ۹٫۸ میلیون نفر ) است ، زندگی می کنند. بخش عمده ای از فقرا در بخش روستایی ۷۰% از درآمد خود را از کشاورزی بدست می آوردند که وضعیت بهتری نسبت به کسانی که مشغول به کارگری هستند دارند.
خانوارهای سرپرست خانوار تقریبا ۱۵ درصد از خانوارهای روستایی را به خود اختصاص می دهند و این نسبت در میان روستاییان تا ۳۰ درصد است .
خانواده هایی که درآمد اصلی آنها غیر کشاورزی است (۲۰ درصد، دراین بین خانوارهایی که شوهران مهاجرت کرده و یا درگذشته اند،میزان فقر بیشتری نسبت به بقیه دارند.
در این روستاها هفتاد و پنج درصد ( ۷۵% ) از مردم بی سواد هستند که این مطلب در دامن زدن به فقر به تاثیر نیست.
استراتژیکی برای کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل
پنج چارچوب استراتژیک برای کاهش فقر روستایی ، ( در بالا اشاره شد ) از یافته های اصلی این تحقیقات و مطالعات هستند. یکی از این پنج رویکرد استراتژیک ، کسب در آمد از مزارع کوچک کشاورزی است .
سیاست های کشاورزی به منظور دستیابی به مزارع کم بهره در مقیاس کوچک باید به طور عمده مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
برای ایجاد مزرعه های کار آمد باید حوزه های سیاست در این مورد تدوین شود مانند : زمین روستایی ، ترکیبی از تولید معیشت و بازار ، اصلاح بازار مالی ، افزایش تحقیق و توسعه و انتقال فن آوری ، تامین کالاهای عمومی ، با تامین این موارد در بخش کشاورزی ، به یک نتیجه کلیدی رسیده ایم و راه خروج بالقوه را از فقر در بخش روستایی یافته ایم.
ایجاد سرمایه های اجتماعی و بازگشت به زمین های کشاورزی بسیار وابسته به سطوح مکمل و عوامل جمعیت شناختی ( مانند ماشین آلات ، سن اپراتور و تحصیلات ) است. علاوه بر این دولت ها همزمان باید سطح عوامل دیگر مانند خرید را بهبود ببخشند .
با این ترتیب اگر تمام این پنج رویکرد به طور همزمان اجرایی شوند از فقر خارج شدن حدود ۸٫۳ میلیون نفر را به ارمغان می آورد .
برای دانلود کتاب (به سوی یک استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر روستایی در برزیل)اینجا کلیک کنید.
موسسه پیشگامان مسیر دانش ، خدمات چاپ کتاب، چاپ کتاب دانشگاهی، چاپ
کتاب فارسی و انگلیسی، تبدیل پایان نامه به کتاب، چاپ کتاب ارزان و فوری ،تبدیل پایان نامه به کتاب
را با کیفیت بالا و به صورت تضمینی انجام می دهد.
جهت ثبت سفارش و مشاوره رایگان با شماره های ذیل تماس حاصل نموده و یا فرم را تکمیل نمایید.
کارشناسان ما در اسرع وقت ، با شما تماس حاصل می نمایند.
استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر برای مردم برزیل |استراتژی مجتمع برای کاهش فقر مردم روستایی برزیل
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